Diatonic refers to what occurs naturally in any given key. The modes which occur in each major key are diatonic for this reason. It is quite common for songs to use non-diatonic scales so here are some of the most common examples of these scales:

Harmonic Minor Scale

The harmonic minor is like the Aeolian mode but with a major 7th. (1, 2, b3, 4, 5, b6 , 7). The following scale is C harmonic minor.

Blues Scale

The blues scale is exactly the same as the minor pentatonic scale but with the inclusion of a diminished 5th in addition to the perfect 5th.

Whole Tone Scale

The whole tone scale is made entirely from whole tone intervals. (1, 2, 3, #4, #5, b7)

Chromatic Scale

The chromatic scale has all twelve notes one semitone after another.

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